Artificial intelligence in science education: global insights and future directions

Artificial Intelligence (AI) now stands at the forefront of transformative change across global society, reshaping how we approach science education at every level. The proliferation of AI applications, from machine learning algorithms that analyze student responses to large language models (LLMs) that generate instructional materials, has created unprecedented opportunities to enhance how students learn and how teachers teach. These innovations have transformed the landscape of science education by enabling new forms of assessment, personalized feedback, and adaptive learning environments. Yet, these same developments also raise pressing questions about ethics, equity, transparency, and cultural responsiveness, questions that go to the heart of how learners produce, share, and use knowledge in classrooms around the world.