Pixel-level spectrally programmable organic light-emitting diodes enabling hyperspectral reconstruction

Abstract Hyperspectral imaging has long been constrained by inherent trade-offs among spatial, spectral, and temporal resolutions, as well as by limited optical throughput and reliance on complex micro-nano fabrication processes. Here, we introduce a paradigm-shifting hyperspectral imaging system that fundamentally overturns these constraints by decoupling spectral modulation from detection. Central to this system is a spectrally programmable organic light-emitting diode (OLED) that enables continuous spectral tuning across the entire visible spectrum within a single, monolithic pixel. This breakthrough is achieved via a novel charge-generation layer architecture that integrates two vertically stacked, oppositely oriented p–i–n units, allowing for precise selection and superposition of emissive channels under an alternating current field. This OLED serves as an ideal illumination source for hyperspectral imaging, capable of emitting tunable narrowband light or complex, superimposed spectral profiles. When integrated with a standard CMOS sensor and reconstruction algorithms, this decoupled architecture achieves hyperspectral imaging with a 2 nm spectral resolution dictated by the OLED, along with a 3072 × 2048 spatial resolution and 60.9 fps raw full-resolution frame rate, both dictated by the CMOS sensor, all within a compact footprint. This work establishes a transformative path for high-performance hyperspectral imaging, promising broad applicability in machine vision, consumer electronics, and beyond.