Bond strength of relining materials to 3D-Printed denture base resins and the effects of aging, material chemistry, and surface treatments: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Achieving durable adhesion between denture base resins and relining materials remains a major challenge in prosthodontics, particularly with the increasing use of 3D-printed materials. This study aimed to evaluate the bond strength of relining materials to 3D-printed denture base resins, with a focus on the effects of aging and Material Chemistry in relation to conventional and CAD-CAM milled resin bases. This systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251152179). Electronic searches were performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library up to August 2025. Laboratory studies evaluating bond strength between relining materials and denture base resins were included. Nineteen studies were included in qualitative and quantitative synthesis. Meta-analysis using a random-effects model demonstrated no significant differences in shear bond strength between fabrication methods, while tensile bond strength under non-aged conditions was significantly lower for 3D-printed denture bases compared with CAD-CAM milled bases. Mechanical surface treatments consistently improved bond strength across all materials. Surface treatment significantly influences the bond strength of relining materials to denture base resins. Mechanical surface modification, particularly airborne-particle abrasion, enhances bonding performance, whereas 3D-printed denture bases may exhibit lower tensile bond strength compared with CAD-CAM milled materials under certain conditions.