Research progress in additive manufacturing of tungsten alloys and their toughening

As a typical refractory metal material， tungsten alloy possesses high hardness， excellent wear resistance， and good radiation shielding ability， making it widely applicable in various industrial fields. However， its poor formability hinders the manufacturing of complex structural components using traditional preparation methods such as liquid phase sintering. Additive manufacturing technology， which fabricates three-dimensional structural parts by layer-wise accumulation of forming planes， has unique advantages in producing complex components. Consequently， it has attracted extensive attention in the field of tungsten alloy component manufacturing. The development and application of additive manufacturing technology in the preparation of tungsten alloys in recent years are systematically introduced， and the influencing factors of tungsten alloy toughening during the forming process are further discussed. Firstly， the current research status of various tungsten alloy additive manufacturing technologies both domestically and internationally is presented， and their applicable scenarios are summarized. Then， the toughening approaches for tungsten alloys during forming， including second-phase particles and alloying treatments， are comprehensively reviewed. Finally， the development direction of additive manufacturing of tungsten alloys in the fields of composition optimization， process parameter control， post-processing， multi-material printing and intelligent manufacturing integration to improve the mechanical properties of formed alloys and expand the application fields is summarized and prospected.