Racial Disparities in Psychoneurological Symptoms and Health-Promoting Behaviors Among Breast Cancer Survivors: A Two-Year Longitudinal Study

OBJECTIVES: To examine racial disparities in psychoneurological (PN) symptom severity and health-promoting behaviors among breast cancer survivors (BCS) over time. SAMPLE & SETTING: BCS (N = 74) were assessed at baseline; the chemotherapy midpoint; and six months, one year, and two years postchemotherapy. METHODS & VARIABLES: A secondary analysis of a longitudinal, prospective study was conducted using linear mixed-effects models to examine trajectories of PN symptoms and health-promoting lifestyle behaviors. RESULTS: Black BCS experienced greater pain, fatigue, and cognitive impairment. White BCS reported significant changes in anxiety, sleep disturbance, fatigue, neurocognition, and leisure-time exercise, with symptoms worsening at the chemotherapy midpoint and improving thereafter. Black BCS exhibited no significant changes across time points. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: Culturally sensitive, tailored symptom management strategies and structural interventions are needed. Future research is warranted to identify the unique needs and preferences of Black BCS to improve their symptom experiences and encourage health-promoting lifestyle behaviors.