A dataset of carbon and water flux observations in a natural Larix gmelinii forest at Daxing’anling Station in Genhe City (2013–2017)

Under the background of global warming, conducting carbon and water flux observations in the cold-temperate Larix gmelinii forest ecosystems is of great significance for understanding regional carbon and water cycling processes and their response to global change. This study focuses on natural Larix gmelinii forests in the boreal-temperate zone, utilizing eddy covariance systems and gradient meteorological observation systems for long-term field monitoring. Based on comprehensive datasets from the Inner Mongolia Greater Khingan Forest Ecosystem National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, CO₂ and H₂O fluxes and meteorological data from January 2013 to April 2017 were processed in accordance with the quality control and data processing standards of the ChinaFLUX network. The resulting dataset provides measurements at half-hourly, daily, monthly, and annual scales, including net ecosystem carbon exchange, ecosystem respiration, gross primary productivity, latent heat flux, sensible heat flux, near-surface and above-canopy air temperature and humidity, wind speed, wind direction, atmospheric pressure, photosynthetically active radiation, downward/upward shortwave and longwave radiation, net radiation, soil temperature, soil moisture, and precipitation, offering essential baseline data for assessing the carbon sink function and understanding carbon-water cycle response mechanisms in boreal-temperate natural forests.