Beyond Chemotherapy: The Surgeon’s Role in Tailoring Treatment for Esophageal and GEJ Adenocarcinoma

Management of esophageal and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma has become increasingly challenging as perioperative immunotherapy is integrated into established chemotherapy and chemoradiation regimens. In this editorial, a framework is provided for tailoring treatment to patient fitness and tumor biology, reinforcing the surgeon’s key role in delivering safe, individualized, and evidence-based multimodality care.