Developing Clinical Complete Response Definitions for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer

Patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer stand at the forefront of significant advances in therapeutics and disease-response monitoring. The most robust biomarkers to date are ctDNA and urine tumor DNA, which are highly prognostic of adjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitor benefit and are thus optimal facets of neoadjuvant treatment pathways. In the evolving setting of bladder preservation, implementation of these biomarkers and revision of clinical complete response and other endpoint definitions are key.