Investigation of Profile-Related Evidence Determining Individualized Cancer Therapy (I-PREDICT) N-of-1 Precision Oncology Study: Molecular Profiling to Match Individually Dosed, Personalized Drug Combinations

PURPOSE Malignancies have complex and distinct molecular profiles that may not segregate by tumor type. However, most precision oncology treatments are matched to a single biomarker. We aimed to optimize therapy for advanced cancers using individually dosed drug regimens customized to cotarget multiple molecular alterations. METHODS Investigation of Profile-Related Evidence Determining Individualized Cancer Therapy (I-PREDICT; NCT02534675 ) is a prospective, investigator-initiated, multidepartment/pan-cancer trial for aggressive advanced/metastatic malignancies. Patients had tissue and/or blood next-generation sequencing (NGS; Foundation Medicine). A molecular tumor board made suggestions. Degree of biomarker matching to drugs given was calculated by a matching score (MS; broadly, number of pathogenic alterations targeted divided by total pathogenic alterations). RESULTS Overall, 210 evaluable patients (n = 456 consented) received ≥1 US Food and Drug Administration–approved drug (mostly off label) after NGS. Median number of pathogenic alterations/tumor was five (range, 0-20); approximately 95% of patients had unique molecular landscapes. Consistent with I-PREDICT's objective to optimize/tailor treatment for each patient, we administered 157 different regimens (including 103 personalized combinations without established safety/dosing data). For previously unstudied combinations, starting doses were reduced and titrated to tolerance (intrapatient dose-finding); only 6.5% experienced Grade 3/4 drug-related toxicities ( v 15.5% of those receiving established regimens). Higher disease control rate (stable disease ≥6 months/objective response), and longer progression-free survival and overall survival correlated significantly/independently/linearly with greater degrees of drug matching to alterations (higher MS), but did not vary by drug number or dosages. CONCLUSION The I-PREDICT strategy of maximizing personalized biomarker matching with individually dosed customized drug combinations enabled safe and active N-of-1 matched treatment, including regimens previously unstudied in Phase I trials. I-PREDICT represents a blueprint for a new personalized precision oncology paradigm, which merits validation via additional prospective trials.