Role of Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase in Cold Stress Tolerance

Cold stress refers to the condition in which plants are exposed to low temperatures that are outside their optimal range for growth and development, hence limiting plant yields. Cold stress can adversely affect crop activities, including reduced enzyme activity, altered protein conformation, slower metabolism, impact on signal transduction, detoxification challenges, and reduced resistance to biotic stress. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase ( CYP450), a diverse superfamily of heme-containing enzymes, has historically been recognized for its roles in the breaking down of various compounds of endogenous and exogenous sources. Studies have unveiled the engagement of CYP450 in abiotic stress reactions, including cold stress. The significant role played by CYP450 genes in the regulation of cold stress in cereals, vegetables, trees, roots, and tubers has been elucidated in this chapter.