Algorithmic Foundations of Machine and Deep Learning

Artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep learning algorithms are defined in this chapter. Deep learning is a powerful tool within the broader field of machine learning, which itself is a key component of artificial intelligence. The layered structure of artificial neural networks is described. A comparison is made between deep learning and shallow learning, as well as their respective algorithms. Machine/deep learning algorithms are differentiated from traditional computer algorithms. Types of machine learning and deep learning algorithms are discussed, including supervised, unsupervised, and semi-supervised machine learning algorithms, as well as reinforcement learning algorithms. The modus operandi of a typical machine learning algorithm is elucidated. Examples of machine learning and deep learning algorithms are mentioned. Types of artificial neural networks are outlined. An explanation is provided for considering machine learning algorithms as problem-solving strategies and mathematical toolkits of artificial intelligence. The organizational plan of the book is elaborated.