Sustainable Energy Security in Indonesia

The present utilization of fossil fuels has a substantial influence on the escalation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Renewable energy is crucial in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, which in turn helps minimize the effects of extreme weather and climate change. Additionally, it ensures a dependable, prompt, and economically viable energy supply. Due to its large size and abundant natural resources, Indonesia has experienced a growing need for renewable energy, which has been driven by increased consumption. Indonesia has successfully shifted towards renewable energy by implementing energy policies and plans and by progressively increasing the proportion of renewable energy in its overall energy mix. The target is to achieve a renewable energy mix from 11% in 2021 to 23% in 2025 and 31% in 2050. The proportion of the industrial sector has been steadily rising and currently stands at 37%, which represents a significant increase of 6% since 2015. Meanwhile, the services sector accounted for 22% of the overall share in 2022. The electrification rate of households has significantly increased from 86% in 2000 to 99.6% in 2022. The original target of achieving 100% was postponed from 2020 to 2022 and has yet to be accomplished. The primary objective of this chapter is to conduct an in-depth examination of the present condition, energy usage and GHG emission, energy policy and future potential, and data regarding Indonesia’s renewable and sustainable energy resources.