Key Trends for Sustainable Energy Security in Mexico From an Energy Justice Approach

This chapter offers a novel academic contribution by delving into Mexico’s pursuit of sustainable energy security through the lens of energy justice. Using the applied energy justice framework and focusing on three critical elements—renewable electricity generation, lithium extraction, and state ownership—the chapter sheds light on the challenges and opportunities for building a fair and equitable future energy landscape in Mexico. In the context of renewable electricity generation, the chapter emphasises the active inclusion of local communities and actors in low-carbon transitions, identifying energy justice principles of intersectionality, intragenerational equity and resistance as key principles for local communities and Mexican households to play an integral role in shaping a sustainable and secure energy future for the nation. Regarding lithium, the chapter highlights potential injustices stemming from sustainability, availability and intragenerational equity principles, potentially materialising through the uneven distribution of burdens (e.g. socio-environmental impacts) and benefits among local communities and urban centres. Nonetheless, the Mexican government also has the opportunity to create intragenerational justice by providing employment opportunities, skills training and support for local businesses related to extractive activities. Finally, concerning state ownership, the chapter underscores the importance of transparency, accountability and due process in managing energy resources. It highlights the responsibility of the government to ensure that its pursuit of energy independence and sovereignty does not hinder the development of renewable energy and lithium activities, key elements for sustainable energy security in the country.