Depicting Different Dimensions of Energy Security in Brazil Through the Lens of Energy Transition

This chapter aims to analyze the different dimensions of energy security in Brazil. The methodology combines literature review and data analysis, covering the period 2000–2021. To this end, after a brief review of the literature on the concept of energy security, the military, socio-economic, and environmental aspects of national energy security will be assessed, respectively. In the first case, we consider high-level national defense policy documents, such as the National Defense Policy (PND) and the National Defense Strategy (END). In the second dimension, we present and analyze the evolution of different socio-economic data, such as the Brazilian population’s access to electricity, energy intensity level of primary energy, and investment in energy with private participation. Finally, the environmental dimension considers total energy supply (TES) and electricity generation by source, as well as electricity consumption and https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> CO 2 https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href=" https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9781003476351/e12ba3d0-e547-4d3f-9fd5-195d2b8ef932/content/ieq0004.tif "/> emissions by sector. Next, we present and evaluate what the country has done in terms of promoting the achievement of the goals of Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG 7) of the 2030 Agenda (2016–2030), followed by an analysis of how this is reflected in the National Energy Plan 2050 (PNE 2050). As a main conclusion, the chapter highlights that understanding and addressing Brazilian energy security are complex and change over time, whether due to domestic circumstances or pressures from the international agenda.