Nanofillers and Membrane for Eco-Friendly Separation

This chapter outlines the changing role of nanofillers in membrane technology for sustainable separation. It reviews all aspects of membrane fundamentals, filling nanofillers, and all advancements in membrane performance. It covers types of nanofillers, such as inorganic, carbon, zeolites, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), and the new biodegradable and green fillers, with specific advantages that can improve the properties of membranes’ selectivity, permeability, lifespan, and performance. The chapter describes the advanced synthetic and functionalization techniques, hybrid membranes, and other ways that nanofillers can achieve maximum functionality. The chapter also presents sustainable applications of nanofillers in membranes, such as wastewater treatment, desalination, gas separations, organic solvent nanofiltration, and uses in renewable energy and biomedical applications. Where available, it presents comparative studies focused on the different types of nanofillers presented and their performance in each application. This chapter examines also issues related to green synthesis, stability, scalability, and environmental safety for all of these technologies in any/all of their applications. The chapter concludes with life cycle assessments and recycling approaches to ensure the sustainability of the membranes with nanofillers, with the potential for large-scale applications in industry and the environment.