Forensic Aspects of Ethanol

Ethanol, or ethyl alcohol, is an active ingredient in alcoholic beverages and is of key focus in forensic toxicology due to its widespread use and abuse. This chapter covers the pharmacokinetics, detection, and medicolegal implications of ethanol. It is produced through fermentation of sugar in industrial processes, and it is found in various products beyond alcoholic beverages. Ethanol affects the body in a dose-dependent manner, influencing mental and physical functions. Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) is a critical metric in forensic investigations to assess impairment, particularly in legal cases such as driving under the influence (DUI) and alcohol-related accidents. The chapter also discusses factors influencing BAC, methods for ethanol detection (such as headspace gas chromatography and breathalyzers), and the health impacts of chronic alcohol use, including liver disease, cancer, and cardiovascular problems. It further explores the medicolegal aspects of ethanol intoxication, including drug interactions, postmortem toxicology, and interpretation of findings.