Senotherapeutics and Diabetes

Cellular senescence is an integral part in the pathophysiology of diabetes directly attributed to SASP-mediated tissue destruction, adipose tissue, and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. Senescent cells show resistance towards apoptosis. Senotherapeutics focus on treating cellular senescence, a state where cells stop dividing and progressively accumulate, contributing to age-related disorders. Senotherapeutics slow the development of diabetes-related problems like retinopathy, nephropathy, and cardiovascular disease by reducing the inflammation associated with aging. Dasatinib and quercetin, navitoclax, alvespimycin, metformin, and canagliflozin have a significant role in the field of senotherapeutics. Senotherapy with dasatinib and quercetin reduces insulin resistance by eliminating the senescent cells in white adipose tissue. Navitoclax significantly reduces the senescent cells in tissues by triggering cell death that express high levels of Bcl-2 family proteins. Alvespimycin functions as a senolytic drug by making senescent cells more susceptible to apoptosis by inhibition of Hsp90. Metformin lowers oxidative stress and inflammation that are two major elements in aging that cause cellular senescence. Canagliflozin works by preventing the glucose reabsorption from the kidneys and back into the bloodstream leading to increased glucose excretion in the urine. Senotherapeutics are still being research, and additional clinical trials are required to comprehend their function and efficacy in diabetes.