Gene-Environment Interaction in Polluted Systems

The study of gene-environment interactions (G×E) presents a paradigm shift in understanding disease susceptibility, emphasizing the dynamic interplay between genetic factors and environmental exposures. This interaction assumes heightened significance in polluted environments due to widespread contamination and associated health risks. Research elucidating G×E mechanisms reveals key pathways such as oxidative stress, inflammation, endocrine disruption, and epigenetic modifications, which mediate individual responses to pollutants. Despite advancements, challenges persist, including the complexity of the exposome and limitations in predictive modeling. Interdisciplinary collaboration and innovative methodologies are essential for overcoming these challenges, with computational approaches offering promise in untangling complex interactions. Ethical considerations, including participant autonomy and equitable distribution of benefits and risks, are paramount in research conduct. By addressing these challenges, researchers can advance precision environmental medicine, informing targeted interventions to mitigate adverse health outcomes and promote health equity and environmental justice.