Nanoparticle Strategies for Enhanced Protein and Peptide Drug Delivery

The delivery of protein and peptide therapeutics presents substantial challenges due to their inherent instability, vulnerability to enzymatic degradation, and low bioavailability. Nanoparticle-based delivery systems offer promising solutions, providing protection, controlled release, and targeted delivery for these therapeutic agents. This chapter provides a detailed overview of the various nanoparticle types used in protein and peptide drug delivery, including polymeric, lipid-based, inorganic, and hybrid nanoparticles. We delve into the methods of encapsulation and release, along with strategies to enhance the stability and bioavailability of these bioactive compounds. We examine various administration routes and targeting strategies that leverage nanoparticles’ unique properties to enhance therapeutic effectiveness. This chapter also covers the in vitro and in vivo evaluation of nanoparticle systems, detailing key techniques and models used to assess their efficacy and safety. Clinical applications across diverse therapeutic fields are highlighted, illustrating the potential of nanoparticle-based delivery systems to transform treatments for diseases like cancer, diabetes, and infections. Regulatory and manufacturing aspects are discussed, providing insights into the challenges and requirements for commercializing nanoparticle-based protein and peptide drug delivery systems. Lastly, we explore future perspectives and challenges, emphasizing emerging trends and potential research directions that could further advance this field. This chapter aims to be a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, and industry professionals involved in the development and application of nanoparticle-based delivery systems for protein and peptide therapies.