The Fundamental Sampling Error

In this chapter and Chapter 11, we make attempts at quantifying the variance of the Fundamental Sampling Error, leading to Gy’s well-known formulas. Of great importance is the objective, as many practitioners not well-acquainted with Gy’s work have criticized these formulas because they do not reflect reality observed between duplicate or replicate samples obtained by using splitting processes. First and foremost, the variance of FSE cannot and will not match the variance between duplicate or replicate samples because such variance includes the Grouping and Segregation Error GSE and the Analytical Error AE that is often extremely difficult to separate from the last sub-sampling error generated at the balance room of the laboratory.