Beetroot Harvesting and Post-Harvesting

Beetroot ( Beta vulgaris ) is a nutritionally packed root vegetable generally well known due to its functional health properties that can be attributed to its very rich content of vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, and bioactive substances, including betalains and nitrates. In this chapter, the developmental physiology, harvesting, and post-harvest handling procedures important to the preservation of quality, nutrition, and storage life of beetroot are well discussed. Major features like growth phases, maturity indicators, and agronomic considerations—such as nutrient and water management—are discussed critically. Harvesting practices, both manual and mechanical, are examined in terms of yield, quality, and post-harvest physiology. Post-harvest operations such as cleaning, grading, packaging, and storage are assessed for their potential in preventing microbial spoilage, mechanical damage, and physiological deterioration. Sophisticated technologies such as controlled atmosphere storage, edible coatings, osmotic dehydration, and modified atmosphere packaging are presented as efficient measures to maintain beetroot’s physicochemical integrity and shelf life. Pre-harvest treatments like ascorbic acid application under irrigation stress are also determined for their potential in improving post-harvest quality. In addition, advances in harvesting equipment, smart packaging technologies, and bioeconomy-based waste valorization through encapsulation of beetroot by-products are emphasized. The chapter highlights the significance of optimized logistics and packaging materials—like laminated aluminum pouches—in ensuring betalain stability during storage and distribution. Cold storage and variety selection are highlighted as key elements in reducing post-harvest losses and preserving nutritional quality. Finally, the chapter recommends an integrated post-harvest management system integrating agronomic best practices, new preservation technologies, and environmentally friendly handling practices. This is a comprehensive strategy needed to minimize post-harvest losses, maintain food safety, promote circular bioeconomy models, and increase the marketability of beetroot globally.