Fungal DNA Barcoding for Species Identification

In a well-known genome, a short and standardized DNA sequence is referred to as a ‘DNA barcode.’ It is a revolutionary concept in Biotechnology. Among all kingdoms, fungi are the major decomposers on planet Earth, characterized by a resistant cell wall structure composed of chitin. A eukaryotic group of organisms, fungi, including microorganisms, is separated from plants, animals, protists, and bacteria. Approximately 1.5 million fungi are found in our surroundings, showcasing a vast diversity. DNA barcoding is a quick, accurate, and reliable method for identifying species. When the question arises: why fungal DNA barcoding is needed? The answer to this question lies in a problematic history and confusion of researchers. It is always problematic and difficult for fungal taxonomists to compare the taxonomy of the most closely related groups of fungi. Consequently, it had become extremely difficult to introduce an efficient species identification system that could be applied to all fungi. DNA barcoding has proven to be a powerful tool for identifying specimens, with the potential to be used for recognition and identification of all fungi. In recent years, researchers have made significant achievements by leveraging the transformative power of ungapped DNA barcoding to overcome existing and emerging challenges, capitalizing on its innovative approach to drive progress in the field.