DNA Barcoding and Marine Biodiversity

Traditional taxonomy and morphology-based methods have several limitations, which are addressed by DNA Barcoding, a transformative approach that aids in species identification. This chapter explains the fundamentals of DNA barcoding and the applications and advancements in marine biodiversity. It emphasizes the role of DNA barcoding in identifying cryptic species. Cataloging marine biodiversity and supporting conservation efforts. The efficacy of various genetic markers, such as the mitochondrial COI gene, in species resolution is emphasized. The usefulness of DNA barcoding in diverse marine taxa, ranging from zooplankton and invertebrates to seagrasses and fish, is explored. Advanced techniques, such as next-generation sequencing and metabarcoding, enhance the accuracy and applicability of DNA barcoding. The challenges for DNA barcoding methods are the need for universal markers and comprehensive reference databases. Studying biodiversity on a large scale becomes easy with DNA Barcoding. DNA barcoding is also very helpful for ecological monitoring and conservation.