Introduction to Different Additive Manufacturing (AM) Techniques

Since the advent of 3D printing in the 1980s as a rapid prototyping technology, capable of turning two-dimensional digital models into three-dimensional physical objects, additive manufacturing has branched into a variety of different technologies. Consistent scientific innovation and the growing needs of the market also contributed to its tremendous growth. Additive manufacturing possesses great potential to meet the dynamic changes in the industry, seeking customisable products in a short period of time without compromising quality and accuracy. Although the technology has come a long way, both in terms of the available material palette (polymers, metals, functionally graded materials, etc.) and in terms of mechanical properties matching its conventional counterparts, there still exist a lot of challenges when implemented in niche sectors (aerospace, biomedical, etc.). Overcoming these challenges will allow us to widen the application range and realise the full potential of this emerging technology. The present chapter provides an introduction to various AM processes and their applications. Process constraints, recent advancements, and future directions are also discussed.