Intelligent Transportation Systems in Industry 5.0

Intelligent transportation systems (ITSs) have become a cornerstone for the development of modern urban transport, especially in the context of Industry 5.0. This chapter examines the evolution of ITSs in depth, building on its transformation from an automatic, technology-driven ITS solution to a more human-centered approach under Industry 5.0. This new era builds on the interconnectedness of advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML). With a strong focus on well-being and social impact, the chapter explores how AI and ML are transforming ITS by enabling real-time decision-making, streamlining traffic, improving security and mobility, and creating a personalized experience. In the context of optimizing intelligent transportation networks, various machine learning models including supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning have been discussed. Case studies show how these models help reduce distances, improve efficiency, and reduce travel time. In addition, AI-based predictive maintenance of transport systems and vehicles has been highlighted as a key application, significantly increasing reliability and reducing unexpected downtime. Data privacy, model interpretation, and ethical considerations around AI-driven decision-making are thoroughly analyzed. The chapter also discusses future developments in ITS, including the role of next-generation technologies such as 5G, Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) connectivity, integrated learning, edge AI, and ML algorithms. New advanced features are also explored that promise to make transportation systems more connected, scalable, and secure.