Ergonomics 5.0 and Artificial Intelligence in Industry

Industry 5.0 represents a breakthrough in the production sector, as it prioritizes the synergistic interaction between humans and intelligent machines to promote personalization, sustainability, and well-being in the workplace. Unlike Industry 4.0, which emphasizes automation and the digitization of processes, Industry 5.0 aims to strike a balance between technology and human creativity, thereby reinforcing the inclusion of workers in the production process. In this context, artificial intelligence is fundamental in optimizing production and reconfiguring the job market, creating new opportunities, and imposing challenges, such as the risk of structural unemployment and increased occupational stress. To mitigate these impacts, Ergonomics 5.0 has emerged as an essential field that adapts working conditions to human needs, ensuring safety, efficiency, and quality of life. Cognitive ergonomics, in turn, gains relevance by considering the effects of AI on workers’ mental load, preventing occupational disorders, and reducing the incidence of excessive stress. Chronic stress, exacerbated by technological pressure, can result in degenerative diseases, making it essential to adopt preventive strategies aimed at promoting mental health, encouraging physical activity, and strengthening occupational resilience. In this way, this chapter outlines strategies based on the recommendations of Ergonomics 5.0 for management that can balance technological innovation and workers’ well-being, promoting a sustainable, human-centered industrial evolution for Industry 5.0.