Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Neo-Human Workers

This chapter provides a comprehensive analysis of how artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping the nature of human work, introducing the concept of “neo-human workers” who collaborate seamlessly with intelligent systems in hybrid work environments. The authors examine this transformation through the lens of activity ergonomics, focusing on how AI integration affects the cognitive, physical, and social dimensions of work activities. The chapter explores the emergence of new forms of human-AI collaboration that transcend traditional automation paradigms, where workers become supervisors, trainers, and creative partners of intelligent systems rather than being replaced by them. Key topics include the cognitive ergonomics of human-AI interaction, the design of transparent and explainable AI systems that support human decision-making, and the development of new competencies required for effective collaboration with AI. The authors present frameworks for analyzing and optimizing human-AI work systems, addressing challenges such as trust calibration, skill development, and the preservation of human agency in increasingly automated environments. Case studies from various industries illustrate successful implementations of human-AI collaboration, highlighting best practices for maintaining human-centered design principles while leveraging the capabilities of AI. The chapter concludes with recommendations for preparing the workforce for the neo-human era and designing AI systems that enhance rather than diminish human capabilities and job satisfaction.