Plant-Assisted Biogenic Synthesis of Medicinally Significant Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles

Plant-assisted synthesis of metal nanoparticles have gained popularity due to their unique properties and wide applications. Therefore, the current chapter explores the eco-friendly approaches of utilizing plant extracts for the synthesis of medicinally significant zinc oxide nanoparticles. The synthesis processes of zinc oxide nanoparticles are thoroughly discussed, with a focus on the mechanisms by which plant phytochemicals act as reducing and stabilizing agents for metal ions. Further, their unique physicochemical properties and the advantages over conventional chemical and physical approaches to reduced toxicity and environmental impact are highlighted. The biogenically synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles showed their broad-spectrum antimicrobial efficacy against various pathogens. In addition, it has other therapeutic benefits such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and wound healing properties. The potential cytotoxic effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles against various cancer cells showcases their importance in cancer therapy. These nanoparticles gain popularity in drug delivery systems also due to their efficacy and least side effects. However, current advancements and future perspectives emphasize the potential of plant-assisted biogenic synthesis methods to revolutionize the production of nonmaterial for medicinal applications.