Stimuli-Responsive Biomaterials for Inflammatory Autoimmune Disorders

Inflammatory autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, and type 1 diabetes are disabling in nature with uncertain etiology. Inflammatory control has remained a priority of medical research. Over the past decade, stimuli-responsive or sensing biomaterials have been extensively investigated for drug delivery purposes, biosensing applications, and tissue engineering. They trigger heat, light, chemistry, or structure changes in contact with living systems to detect and treat autoimmune diseases. Its potential for enhancing therapeutic results is clearly illustrated through distinctive cases and scientific trials within autoimmune disorders; however, achieving definite brief falls needs to be addressed. Nanotechnology and materials science advances have brought about new biomaterials that are safer, more personalized, and potentially deliver better strategies for the treatment of inflammatory autoimmune diseases to improve long-term clinical outcomes in patients. These improvements in patient care may well manage a veritable row of conditions involving inflammation, contributing to better outcomes as side effects are pushed continuously. Therefore, the chapter introduces drug delivery systems based on these biomaterials for targeted and controlled release of drugs with less or no toxicity in vitro and in vivo studies.