Advanced Geophysical Techniques for Seepage Detection in Dams

Seepage has long been recognized as one of the most critical causes of safety and longevity issues in dams, which can result from environmental influence or management imperfections. The vibrant discoveries in geophysics advancements have enabled the modern world with non-intrusive seepage detection techniques, which prove to be more sustainable when compared with traditional methods. A comprehensive list of geophysical methods for monitoring seepage is summarized in this chapter, including electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), ground-penetrating radar (GPR), and seismic. This high-resolution data allows us to identify seepage anomalies early, which may prevent the necessity for invasive interventions. Moreover, the chapter underlines that it is essential that these methods are incorporated within a sustainability paradigm to have minimal impact on the environment at large and to keep the integrity of the water infrastructure. This review of current case studies and practical applications confirms that advanced geophysical approaches can help improve seepage management, enhance dam safety, and support sustainable water resource management.