Challenges and Opportunities in 2D Material-Based Flexible Electronics

Initial research in flexible electronics focused on organic materials, amorphous structures, metal oxide films, and thin crystalline semiconductors, but limitations such as low carrier mobility, environmental instability, and limited flexibility restricted their practical adoption. In contrast, 2D materials offer compelling advantages for flexible electronics, combining mechanical flexibility with superior electronic properties. However, their integration remains challenging due to issues related to material stability, scalability, and performance, as well as device-level concerns such as integration complexity and trade-offs in functionality. Fabrication methods and environmental sensitivity further complicate large-scale implementation. Despite these challenges, 2D materials present emerging opportunities in flexible sensors, energy storage, and wearable technologies, with potential to transform sectors like healthcare, consumer electronics, and renewable energy. This chapter examines the current landscape, addressing key challenges while emphasizing the transformative potential of 2D materials for next-generation flexible electronic systems.