2D Material-Based Transistors

Two-dimensional (2D) materials are becoming highly promising for future electronic devices due to their unique electrical, mechanical, and optical properties. This chapter investigates the potential of 2D materials, particularly graphene, for future electronic devices, with a specific focus on transistors. The objective of this research was to evaluate the feasibility of 2D materials in transistor applications by comparing their electronic properties with traditional silicon-based transistors. The study explores various fabrication methods such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and electron beam lithography (EBL), among others, to create 2D material-based transistors. Integration techniques, including layer-by-layer assembly, are also investigated. In 2D material-based transistors, the two important concepts are ballistic transport and quantum tunneling. Ballistic transport, observed in materials like graphene, allows electrons to travel in a straight line and at high speeds with minimal interference due to the high carrier mobility described by the Dirac cone model. Quantum tunneling allows electrons to pass through barriers that would normally block them, a behavior described by quantum mechanical models. For other 2D materials, like transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), scientists use the effective mass approximation to simplify how they understand electron movement. Additionally, the performance of 2D material-based transistors is evaluated using the Ohmic contact and Schottky barrier models, which help optimize their efficiency. The results highlight significant enhancements in carrier mobility and the on-off ratio compared to traditional silicon transistors, highlighting the potential of 2D materials for advancing high-speed and low-power electronics. Moreover, the scalability and manufacturability of 2D materials-based transistors are discussed, addressing challenges such as achieving uniformity and reproducibility in large-scale integration. This study contributes to the growing body of research on 2D materials and lays the foundation for their application in future electronic devices.