Shape Memory Alloys for the Development of Aerospace Applications

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) have, due to their very special combinations of properties, like the recovery of shape after deformation, excellent strength-to-weight ratio, and high resistance to fatigue, become the novel materials that have been used in the aerospace industry with extensive application. The innovative aspect of SMAs has now been extended through the nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloys that are discussed in this chapter, mainly focusing on actuators, adaptive structures, and thermal control systems. The chapter discusses SMAs in orbit, where the self-reactivating mechanism responds to temperature changes by compacting for launch and deploying exactly in space. Another application is the morphing wing, where SMAs enable real-time aerodynamic adjustments, maximizing flight efficiency and reducing fuel consumption. This is a major advantage for future aircraft. The bearing of the SMA-based actuators for vibration-damping systems is also mentioned, as the structure’s vibrations are successfully reduced, and thus the safety and durability of the structures in aerospace engineering are considerably increased. The chapter discusses positive aspects of SMAs, highlighting their versatility. Furthermore, these developments suggest that aerospace engineering may not be challenged further, at least not when utilizing SMAs. This chapter unveils the latest state-of-the-art technological progresses and issues in the field of SMA application.