Synthetic Polyphenols for Neurodegenerative Diseases

Neurodegenerative disorders (NDD) are marked by the gradual deterioration of neuronal structure and function, frequently triggered by oxidative damage and inflammation. Increased production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species can hasten neuronal degeneration, highlighting the importance of sustaining low levels of these species for healthy brain activity. Naturally occurring plant-derived polyphenols have gained attention as potential therapeutic candidates for neurodegenerative conditions due to their strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. This chapter explores the impact of synthetic polyphenols in regulating crucial pathways associated with neurodegeneration, including oxidative imbalance, neuroinflammatory responses, protein misfolding, and mitochondrial impairment. We examine their underlying mechanisms, protective effects on neural tissue, and therapeutic potential in disorders such as AD and PD. Although synthetic polyphenols have demonstrated encouraging results in experimental models, issues such as poor bioavailability and limited clinical effectiveness persist. Continued investigation is essential to refine synthetic polyphenol formulations and assess their long-term safety and therapeutic value in human clinical trials.