The Role of Additives and Dopants in Bromide-Based Perovskites for Multipurpose Applications

Over the past decade, the halide-based perovskites have set a milestone among various third-generation semiconductor materials by exhibiting superior photovoltaic efficiency. Furthermore, halide perovskites excel in many applications, including light-emitting diodes (LEDs), photodetectors, lasers, transistors, X-ray detectors, and photocatalysts. The properties of the perovskites can be manipulated using additives and dopants, which help enhance their optoelectrical properties. Bromide perovskites are pivotal in the field of halide perovskites owing to their superior stability and relatively higher photoluminescent quantum yield (PLQY). Also, bromide perovskite has multiple other properties, such as bandgap tunability, solution processability, and high light absorption coefficient. Generally, bromide perovskites possess a moderate bandgap ranging from 2.2 to 2.3 eV; therefore, these materials are specially considered for water splitting and LED applications. Recently, lead-free bromide-based perovskites have also been fabricated, especially using tin (Sn), bismuth (Bi), etc., and their applications are being studied. This chapter deals with the role of additives and dopants in bromide perovskites over their structure and optoelectrical properties.