Perovskites

Perovskites have gained considerable attention in various fields, particularly in energy applications such as solar cells, fuel cells, and sensors, due to their tunable electronic, ionic, and optical properties. However, the commercialization of perovskite-based technologies poses several challenges that hinder its widespread adoption. Key issues include toxicity, primarily due to the use of lead in most high-performance perovskites, which raises environmental and health concerns. Perovskite materials tend to deteriorate when exposed to moisture, oxygen, and heat, significantly reducing their long-term efficiency. Further limitations include low power conversion efficiency at larger scales, and the need for a low-cost manufacturing process. Despite these limitations, ongoing studies are exploring potential solutions, such as the development of lead-free perovskite materials, the incorporation of protective coatings to enhance stability, and the optimization of synthesis methods to boost efficiency. This chapter focuses on the current limitations associated with perovskite materials, and discusses recent advancements aimed at overcoming these challenges. Future perspectives are considered, highlighting promising approaches that could enable the practical implementation of perovskite technologies across various fields.