Organic-Inorganic Perovskite Iodides and Composites

This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the emerging landscape of organic-inorganic and inorganic iodide perovskites, driven by increasing interest in their exceptional physicochemical properties and vast potential in photovoltaics and other optoelectronic applications. The chapter begins with an exploration of the classifications and compositional variations of three-dimensional iodide perovskites. These materials are notable for their tunable bandgaps, which allow them to absorb lower-energy photons, leading to remarkable advancements in photovoltaic efficiency. Additionally, low-dimensional iodide perovskites, such as Ruddlesden–Popper (RP), Dion–Jacobson (DJ), and alternating cation interlayer (ACI) structures, known for their enhanced stability, are thoroughly discussed. Despite their successes, operational stability, ambient degradation, and defect formation in iodide perovskites remain significant hurdles. In response, this chapter delves into cutting-edge strategies to enhance desirable properties, focusing on fabrication techniques to overcome these limitations. The discussion includes defect chemistry, emphasizing the role of defects and presenting approaches to mitigate their impact. By addressing both the opportunities and challenges in this field, the chapter offers insights into the development of iodide perovskites for high-performance optoelectronic devices.