2008: Know When to Hold'em Know When to Fold'em
Abstract
The game of poker presents interesting challenges for AI researchers. The program must deal with multiple players (up to 10), randomness (the deal of the cards), imperfect information (you don’t know the opponent’s cards), and deception (bluffing is an important part of the game). Poker AIs performed at a weak level until the early 2000s. In 2008, the program Polaris defeated a team of strong humans at 2-player Texas Hold’em poker. In 2015, this research led to the game being solved – in the long run, it’s not possible to defeat the program. In 2017, the Libratus program achieved superhuman play in multi-player Texas Hold’em.
Fields of Study & Subjects
Artificial Intelligence in Games
Artificial Intelligence Applications
AI-based Problem Solving and Planning
Publication details
- Journal / source
- Chapman & Hall/CRC eBooks
- Pages
- 205–213
- Publication date
- 3 March 2026
- Language
- EN
- Document type
- Book chapter