Temperature Stress Resilience in Plants Induced by Green Nanotechnology

Global temperatures are projected to rise significantly, posing a significant danger to agricultural output and the safety of food supplies around the world. Addressing this challenge necessitates innovative and sustainable solutions, among which green nanotechnology stands out due to its eco-friendly approach and efficacy. With an emphasis on the use of tailored nanoparticles (NPs) for specific plant responses, this chapter explores how green nanotechnology may improve plants' resistance to temperature stress. The mechanisms by which green nanoparticles confer temperature resilience are multifaceted. Nanobiostimulants, especially silver nanoparticles, play a pivotal role by activating stress-related genes, increasing the activity of Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) and aquaporins, and balancing oxidant and phytohormone levels, thereby alleviating heat stress. These NPs also bolster the plant’s antioxidant defence system, enhancing the scavenging of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and mitigating oxidative stress. Additionally, the stabilization of cell membranes and maintenance of cellular homeostasis under temperature stress are facilitated by these nanoparticles, which can mimic natural stress-protective molecules. The production of green nanoparticles leverages plant extracts and biopolymers as reducing and capping agents, ensuring eco-friendliness and biocompatibility. This bio-inspired approach not only tailors the physicochemical properties of NPs but also harnesses the intrinsic stress-protective potentials of plant-derived materials. Furthermore, the chapter explores the promising roles of NPs in the regulation of osmo-protectants, stomatal conductance, and membrane fluidity, alongside their potential antifreeze properties. Efficient delivery of NPs to plant tissues remains a challenge, which this chapter addresses by discussing advanced delivery methods like nano-encapsulation and carrier systems. Precision agriculture, when combined with green nanotechnology, offers exciting possibilities for tailored crop management strategies that effectively address specific environmental challenges. Finally, the chapter emphasizes the need for comprehensive environmental impact assessments of green nanomaterials, advocating for biodegradable and recyclable NPs to ensure sustainability. By summarizing the considerable potential of green nanotechnology to foster temperature stress resilience, this chapter underscores its crucial role in achieving a sustainable and climate-resilient future.