Mitral regurgitation, mitral stenosis, mitral annular calcification, and tricuspid disease in older persons

Management strategies for severe MS involve anticoagulation therapy for patients with AF, percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty for suitable cases, and mitral valve replacement or transcatheter mitral valve replacement for high-risk surgical candidates. MAC is most frequently seen in the elderly patient and is probably a marker for vascular atherosclerosis and an independent predictor of adverse cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction and stroke. Primary MR is a disease of the mitral valve apparatus itself, and secondary MR results from left ventricular dysfunction. Severe TR may be treated by transcatheter edge-to-edge repair with the TriClip device to improve the severity of TR with associated improvement in quality of life.