Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction in older adults

Heart failure is a syndrome that occurs most commonly in older adults and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Prevention of heart failure in older adults should focus on rigorous management of antecedent risk factors such as hypertension and weight control, smoking cessation, and physical activity. Older patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction should be treated with evidence-based therapy, careful fluid management, and judicious use of diuretics. Use of devices and surgical interventions should be individualized, especially in frail older adults. Palliative and hospice care should be considered for those with end-stage heart failure.