Smart integrated biorefineries for sustainable development

Biorefineries play a vital role in the bioeconomy as they convert biomass into different bio-based products, biofuels, and energy. It also reduces waste from the environment and maintains sustainability. Like petroleum refineries, biorefineries also produce biodiesel, bioethanol, and bio-based products by using advanced technologies. These facilities operate on different ranges, from small scale (integrating agricultural residues) to large scale (using industrial waste). Biorefineries support economic growth, sustainable development, and environmental protection. Digitalization and advanced techniques like AI, IoT, and Industry 4.0 enhance sustainability and resource efficiency. Because of pollution, climate change, and the price of volatile fossil fuels, the demand for sustainable energy is increasing.