SQL injection defence strategy (SQLi-DS) in legacy and modern web applications to enhance cybersecurity in IoT and AI era

Database management systems (DBMS) are vital for organizing and storing data in modern Internet of Things (IoT) applications in artificial intelligence (AI) era. However, vulnerabilities such as structured query language (SQL) injection pose significant risks, particularly in legacy systems where outdated practices persist. This chapter focuses on analyzing SQL injection mitigation strategies in both legacy and modern web applications, addressing gaps in existing approaches. The primary issue is the persistent risk of SQL injection attacks, which exploit weaknesses in input validation to compromise data security. Given the increasing prevalence of cyber threats, addressing this challenge is crucial for safeguarding sensitive data and maintaining the integrity of web applications. The objective of this chapter is to evaluate the effectiveness of current mitigation techniques and propose practical solutions for enhancing application security. The scope includes a comparative analysis of strategies used in legacy systems and modern frameworks, emphasizing advancements, challenges, and best practices to effectively combat SQL injection vulnerabilities.