Convergence of Blockchain and AI for 6G Wireless Communications

The evolution of wireless communication systems is advancing toward the sixth generation (6G), which promises transformative applications and unparalleled connectivity. However, 6G networks face significant challenges, including resource constraints, complex network architectures, heightened computational demands, and increasing privacy and security concerns. Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence (AI) emerge as pivotal technologies to address these challenges, enabling secure, efficient, and intelligent network operations. This chapter presents a comprehensive review of the integration of blockchain and AI in 6G wireless communications. It begins with an overview of blockchain and AI fundamentals, highlighting their unique strengths and synergies. Key applications, such as spectrum management, computational resource allocation, content caching, and enhanced privacy and security, are examined within the context of 6G. The discussion extends to smart applications in the Internet of Things ecosystem, including smart healthcare, intelligent transportation, smart grids, and unmanned aerial vehicles. Furthermore, this chapter explores the technical requirements and envisioned use cases of 6G, providing insights into operating frequencies, network performance benchmarks, and critical capabilities. It identifies open research issues and challenges for the joint deployment of blockchain and AI in 6G systems, including scalability, interoperability, and system complexity. By synthesizing insights from the latest research, this chapter aims to guide future investigations in the convergence of blockchain and AI for 6G networks, offering a roadmap for the development of secure and intelligent wireless communication systems.