Advanced Postharvest techniques Using Nanocomposite Particles and Packaging technologies for Food Security in Papaya

Papaya is a highly nutritious and medicinal backyard crop extensively grown in tropical regions. However, its high perishability due to its climatic nature, high respiration rate, moisture content, and bulkiness has led to significant postharvest problems, including wilting, shriveling, chilling injury decay, and mechanical damage during transportation. To increase papaya’s storage life without compromising its sensory attributes and nutritional value, different storage methods such as low temperature, controlled atmospheric storage, plastic film wraps, and wax coatings are being used. The review focuses on the advanced approaches for postharvest management of papaya to reduce losses and make it available to consumers. The study will discuss novel approaches, such as nanocomposite particles, edible packaging, controlled atmospheric packaging, and modified atmospheric packaging. In conclusion, adopting edible coatings and nanocomposite particles presents a viable way to lower postharvest losses and lengthen papaya shelf life. Biopolymer-based nanocomposites are particularly attractive due to increasing concerns about the negative effects of synthetic materials in food and the environment. Edible coatings made from chitosan nanoparticles and carnauba wax nano-emulsions have shown effective results in preserving postharvest attributes of citrus, papayas, and apples. Recent studies have also highlighted the potential of using nanoparticles in edible coatings to reduce respiration rates and prevent disease spread during storage. This approach aligns with Sustainable Development Goal 12, promoting advanced technological capacity, resource efficiency, and reduce global waste. Therefore, implementing advanced postharvest management practices can help reduce losses, making papayas available to consumers while ensuring their nutritional and sensory quality.