Unmasking the Silent Pandemic

Neglected viruses are a substantial and underappreciated threat to global health, particularly in resource-limited settings. Despite causing considerable morbidity and mortality, as observed with agents such as the Lassa virus, Nipah virus, and Chikungunya virus, these pathogens have been subject to relatively less research scrutiny compared to more high-profile viruses (e.g., influenza and HIV). Recently, the concept of the “virosome” has attracted attention in complex ecosystems where several viruses circulate and interact, often evading rigorous scientific examination. Consequently, there is a lack of critical information regarding the transmission dynamics, molecular pathogenesis, and epidemiological factors of these pathogens. In this chapter, a review of both current and emerging information regarding the molecular virology of such neglected viruses, including subjects such as viral entry processes, replication processes, and immune evasion strategies, is presented in a coherent and organized manner. In addition, gaps in current studies and obstacles must first be overcome to allow the development of useful diagnostic tools, antiviral therapies, and vaccines to be determined and discussed. Overall, through an analysis of complex virology and public health concerns regarding such overlooked viruses, the objective of this chapter is to promote a new and transforming path for both investigation and policymaking.