Conclusions

Neglected viruses are a major, albeit underappreciated, public health concern. This chapter examines the threats posed by such viruses, including zoonotic spillover, high disease burden, and the risk of future epidemics. The histories of the Nipah, Lassa, and Chikungunya viruses illustrate how deficiencies in monitoring, diagnostics, and treatment allow these pathogens to persist with limited global attention. Economic and logistic constraints impede effective surveillance and containment efforts. Recent progress in genomics, immunotherapy, and predictive modeling has advanced early detection and response strategies. Yet, effective control depends on sustained global collaboration, durable funding, and robust health system capacity. Controlling neglected viruses requires integrated approaches that combine vector management, improved diagnostics, and inclusive community-based interventions. Public education and awareness are also essential for prevention and timely response during outbreaks. This chapter calls for greater effort from scientists, funders, and policymakers. Otherwise, these viruses will continue to pose a disproportionate threat, especially in low resource regions. Strengthened outbreak preparedness, enhanced research capacity, and upgraded surveillance systems are essential to mitigate future risks and protect global health.