CO2 surface treatment of precast concrete products

Concrete is one of the most widely used construction materials due to its abundant raw material sources and versatile casting properties ( Xu et al., 2019 ). Precast concrete accounts for 20–30% of the total concrete market ( Zhang and Shao, 2016a ). It is extensively applied in bridges, pavements, sidewalks, and municipal facilities. However, the durability of precast concrete structures is often compromised by issues such as carbonation, steel bar corrosion, and sulfate attack ( Chen et al., 2021 ). Aggressive substances penetrate the concrete surface through water or air, leading to deterioration and reduced service life. Therefore, the permeability of the concrete surface is a critical factor in determining the durability of the entire structure.