Modeling of Integrated Energy Systems

The present chapter focuses on the modeling and optimal scheduling of Integrated Energy Systems with a view to enhancing flexibility, improving energy efficiency, and addressing challenges in integrating intermittent renewable energy. Integrated Energy Systems, driven by multi-energy complementarity, is a key strategy for sector decarbonization. The Energy Bus method is employed to construct the Integrated Energy Systems mathematical framework, detailing basic models for typical source, load, and storage equipment (including Carnot batteries). The subsequent chapter explores optimization scheduling techniques. The text discusses traditional algorithms, but focuses on adopting Model Predictive Control for robust, closed-loop handling of system constraints and uncertainties. A multi-scale scheduling strategy is finally proposed. This strategy involves the analysis of the dynamic differences between energy carriers (electricity, gas, thermal) to achieve a collaborative optimization that balances economic efficiency, safety, and system stability.