Biopolymers and Sustainable Polymers

This chapter explores the growing field of biopolymers and sustainable polymers, highlighting their significance in addressing environmental concerns associated with conventional plastics. Biopolymers, derived from renewable biological sources, and sustainable polymers, designed for minimal ecological impact, offer promising alternatives to petroleum-based materials. The chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the classification, sources, and synthesis of biopolymers such as polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), and starch-based polymers. Additionally, it discusses recent advancements in the development of biodegradable and recyclable polymers, life cycle analysis, and the integration of green chemistry principles. The role of sustainable polymers in packaging, biomedical applications, and emerging technologies is critically examined. By addressing challenges related to performance, scalability, and cost, the chapter emphasizes strategies for advancing sustainable materials toward commercial viability and environmental stewardship.